Not really. Katarina will most likely poke her with her bouncing blades and than after a bit poke engage and there is really nothing you can do if you are pretty low with hp, she will most likely kill you or burn your flash/barrier. Thats why you should always go barrier vs kata to bait her under turret if possible. and also you have your W shield with barrier is like 500 dmg block.
I think that everyone who has stun can actually counter kata, when kata ults you just press stun and you fot the trade